Diether Posser (9 March 1922, Essen – 9 January 2010) was a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party.
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During his childhood in Essen he was influenced by the Lutheran church. After serving in the military for the required time Posser studied law and became a lawyer in 1951. In 1952 he founded, with the former Secretary of the Interior Gustav Heinemann (previously of the CDU), Hans Bodensteiner (from the CSU), Thea Arnold, Helene Wessel (both from the Zentrumspartei), Hermann Etzel (Bayernpartei), and the future President Johannes Rau the Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei, of which he was made General Secretary after the 1953 resignation of Bodensteiner.
After the party's collapse in 1957, he became a member of the SPD, for whom he joined the State Parliament of Nordrhein-Westfalen in 1966. In 1968 he was named the Minister for Federal Affairs. In 1972 he switched to the Judicial Department, before he became Finance Minister in 1978. He held this position until 1988 in the second and third cabinets of President Rau. He was also an advisor to the Premier.
Posser was the Godfather of actor Diether Krebs.